Committee on Radio Astronomy Frequencies

The Committee on Radio Astronomy Frequencies (CRAF) is a committee of the European Science Foundation (ESF).

Frequency band allocated to the Radio Astronomy Service:

• ITU-RR allocations (+ footnotes)
• National Arrangements for Radio Astronomy different from ITU-R Radio Regulations
• Astrophysical importance of the band 94 - 94.1 GHz
• Threshold levels of interference detrimental to radio astronomy
• Radio Astronomy use of this band in Europe
• Threats to the Radio Astronomy Service

ITU-RR allocations (+ footnotes):

  86   -  92    GHz:	EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE (passive)
			RADIO ASTRONOMY
			SPACE RESEARCH (passive)
			
			5.340
			
			
  92   -  94    GHz:	FIXED
			MOBILE
			RADIO ASTRONOMY
			RADIOLOCATION
						
			5.149								


  94   -  94.1  GHz:	EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE (active)
			RADIOLOCATION
			SPACE RESEARCH (active)
			Radio astronomy
			
			5.562 5.562A
			

  94.1 -  95    GHz:	FIXED
			MOBILE
			RADIO ASTRONOMY
			RADIOLOCATION

			5.149								

  95   - 100	GHz:	FIXED
			MOBILE
			RADIO ASTRONOMY
			RADIOLOCATION
			RADIONAVIGATION
			RADIONAVIGATION-SATELLITE
			
			5.149 5.554

National Arrangements for Radio Astronomy different from ITU-R Radio Regulations:

• Armenia: no allocation
• Austria: no allocation - only mention of No. 5.149
• Italy: "footnote" secondary allocation in the band 92.0 - 95.0 GHz
• Liechtenstein:no allocation
• Russian Federation: no allocation
• Turkey: no allocation

Astrophysical importance of the band 94 - 94.1 GHz

This frequency band is used for both spectral line and continuum observations.

See also: mm-Wavelength Astronomy.

Threshold levels of interference detrimental to radio astronomy spectral-line observations:

	System Sensitivity (noise fluctuations)		Threshold Interference Levels
	Temperature	Power Spectral Density	Input Power	Power Flux Density	Spectral Power Flux Density
Single Dish	2.91 mK	-254 dB(WHz-1)	-204 dBW	-144 dB(Wm-2)	-204 dB(Wm-2Hz-1)

Threshold levels of interference detrimental to radio astronomy continuum observations:

	System Sensitivity (noise fluctuations)		Threshold Interference Levels
	Temperature	Power Spectral Density	Input Power	Power Flux Density	Spectral Power Flux Density
Single Dish	0.037 mK	-273 dB(WHz-1)	-185 dBW	-125 dB(Wm-2)	-222 dB(Wm-2Hz-1)

NOTE:

For further details the reader is referred to ITU-R Recommendation RA769. It should, however, be noted that the observed spectral power flux densities are much lower than the harmful interference levels because they are made in the main beam of the radio astronomy antennas whereas the harmful levels correspond to reception in the sidelobes, i.e. the differences are related to the gain of the antennas. The differences can be of the order of 50 to 80 dB W m^-2 Hz^-1 (see ITU-R "Handbook on Radio Astronomy", 1995/2003, chapter 4).

In Europe, the band 94 - 94.1 GHz is used by the Radio Astronomy Service in:

• Finland
• France
• Italy
• Spain
• Sweden

Threats to the Radio Astronomy Service:

Sharing problems occur with the following services:

• Earth Exploration-Satellite Service
• Radiolocation Service (specific cases)
• Space Research Service

  Out-of-band emission from the following services:

• Fixed Service
• Mobile Service
• Radiolocation Service
• Radionavigation Service
• Radionavigation-Satellite Service